Genetics of Psychological Well-Being-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Consider nature-nurture theories, and in roughly three paragraphs explain the genetic and Environmental Factors that might be relevant to Jasons current behaviour, issues and Challenges. 2.Considering Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, discuss Jasons development in terms of the 5 stages. 3.For each of the following personality/development theories, name one concept that you believe to be relevant to Jasons situation, and explain how you would draw on this idea to help Jason understand the relationship between his personal history and his current situation and behaviour. Answers: 1.Human behaviour is directly influenced by both nature and nurture and in Jasons situation; both have had a direct effect on his mental health and state(Horowitz, 2014, p. 96). Jasons mother suffered from a mental illness which resulted in him being withdrawn. He was later moved to foster care due to domestic violence but this may have been too late due to him having been exposed to psychological stresses which would affect his future. Both factors have had an influence on Jasons mental health as shall be discussed below. Nature Genetic Factors Jasons mother suffered from a mental illness which increases the likelihood of him having inherited the mental illness via genetics from his mother. She suffered from a mental illness which pulled her away from caring for her own child and would ignore Jason as baby leaving him to cry without any physical contact and love for long periods of time(Pluess, 2015). This clearly demonstrates him mother also suffered from a severe mental illness which affected the way she behaves in relationships and likely to have also withdrawn from all relationships even with her children. This would result in creating a void between Jason and him mother relationship where he never got any care or protection from her making him venerable to the elements from a young age. Nurture Environmental Factors By analysing the case study, it is clear that Jason mother suffered from a mental illness which caused her to have relationship issues with people around her. This is clearly observed with the failure to care for her very own children and she is likely to have had the same behaviour with her husband and relatives. Without a caring mother, Jason would find himself exposed to environmental factors such as domestic violence and bullying from his siblings and other children yet having no one to protect him. This makes his venerable to suffering from stress, anxiety and other factors which also have a direct effect on the individuals mental state. Having been ignored by his mother at a young age and experiencing serious domestic violence and bullying has resulted in both Nature and nurture influencing Jasons mental state and affecting his ability to maintain relationships as well as his short temper(Richardson, 2005). 2.Physiological Needs Jason Mother failed to deliver a stable Physiological Needs to Jason as a baby which was the first factor which is associated with affecting his mental health(Hodson, 2001, p. 29). According to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs an individual requires to fulfil their basic needs which include food, air, water, warmth, sleep, and sex so as to develop a stable physiological state of mind. In the case of Jason, mother deprived him of food, water, warmth, love, and sleep as a child which directly affects his psychological state of mind. Safety Need Jason would continue to experience insecurity within his family due to his mother having suffered from a mental illness which saw her ignore her childrens basic needs. This would result in his mother failing to maintain a stable relationship with her husband, children, neighbours and family which result in Jason experiencing serious domestic violence which affected his mental stale due to the lack of safety. Love and Belongingness Needs With him parents and family constantly fighting, Jason would also lack basic Lowe and belong due to his parents always fighting. This would also result in Jasons siblings also adopting the domestic violent approaches and likely to bullying younger and weaker siblings which also contributed towards Jasons current psychological state of instability and anger. Esteem Needs Failure for Jason to have received Physiological, Safety and Love Belongingness during his early development meant that Jason would develop a low self-esteem. Self Esteem can only be achieved once an individual has satisfied the three previous needs which allow them to now turn their focus towards achieving a higher ranked position in society and among other. Jasons lack of self-esteem is clearly demonstrated through his inability to maintain relationships over due to him failing to build trust in another individual. This is due to him mother and family failing to deliver Physiological, Safety and Love Belongingness as a child and during his early development. Self-Actualization needs Self-actualization is the psychological state in which an individual does not depend on other for recognition and is confident in ones own ability and skill to execute any decision. Unlike esteem which depends on Physiological, Safety, and Love Belongingness to acquire, an individual can develop Self-Actualization if they are willing to look back and identify problems they may have faced and during the past so as to identify solutions for the problems in the future(Thies Travers, 2001). Jason is likely to lack self Esteem due to the psychological stress he experienced as a child and during development but is capable of developing Self-Actualization and resolving from the past. He has done this by approaching the counsellor who can assist his resolve issues from the past thus allowing him to improve on relationships and be a better parent. 4.Freudian Concepts When assessed using the Freudian Concepts, Jason is observed o be suffering from the Phallic condition in which he has experienced an abnormal family set up which has led to an unusual relationship between his parents. With domestic violence, arguments and stress always present, Jason has developed inadequacy and inferiority and is likely to also demonstrate vanity, self-obsession and sexual anxiety as he grows old(Fayek, 2017). Piagets stages of cognitive development When analysed using the Piagets stages of cognitive development, Jason current issue can be traced back to the Sensory-motor stage which occurs between 0-2 years of age. During this stage of life Jason developed a distinction between Anxiety and stress which he has adopted and maintained mentally. This can be a reason linked to his short temper due to him having cried for attention as a baby and not getting any attention leading to developing frustration as a result. Eriksons psychosocial stages Jason current inability to maintain relationships is linked to him having suffered from stage 1 of Eriksons psychosocial stages which affect infants between 0-1.5 years(Engler, 2008, p. 153). During this stage the infant lacks the basic venture of hope which results in them developing the psychological crisis of trust and mistrust. Jason cried for his mother attention and food and was often ignore resulting in his developing mistrust. This has been carried on to his teenage and likely also seen him lacking trust in people around him during his adulthood. This is also one of the reasons he fails to maintain relationships due to him failing to trust people around him due to the fear of being hurt or let down. Bowlbys attachment theory According to Bowlbys attachment theory, Jason has developed insecurity, Avoidance and a tendency to resist relationships due to the Primary careers behaviour during infancy and childhood(Holmes, 2014). Jasons mother often ignored his cry for food and love which resulted in affecting his sleep and need to develop an attachment with him primary career. This has had a direct effect on Jasons current state in which he lacks security and resists placing his trust in a relationship due to the fear of being abandoned. References Engler, B. (2008). Personality Theories. Cengage Learning. Fayek, A. (2017). Understanding Classical Psychoanalysis: Freudian concepts in contemporary practice. Routledge. Hodson, C. (2001). Psychology and Work. East Sussex: Psychology Press. Holmes, J. (2014). John Bowlby and Attachment Theory. East Sussex: Routledge. Horowitz, F. (2014). Exploring Developmental Theories: Toward A Structural/Behavioral Model of Development. West Sussex: Psychology Press. Pluess, M. (2015). Genetics of Psychological Well-Being: The role of heritability and genetics in positive psychology. Oxford: OUP Oxford. Richardson, K. (2005). Developmental Psychology: How Nature and Nurture Interact. New York: Psychology Press. Thies, K., Travers, J. (2001). Human Growth and Development Through the Lifespan. Thorofare: Jones Bartlett Learning.